One of the most simple and yet beautiful in the hard quantum field theory and quantum optics is that it shows that classical electromagnetic wave, as we described by Maxwell's equations must consist of an indeterminate number of photons. The electromagnetic field can be expressed in terms of their basic modes of excitation given monent, we call photons. If the field is in a state S in which there are exactly n photons, wrote:
S = nonzero only if the field is in a superposition.
sets of photons can exist without elective and magnetic field, but they exist and oscillate in a wave, as required by Maxwell's equations, and which can act on accelerated charge, then the number of photons must be undetermined. A simple result - easy to demonstrate using creation and annihilation operators - but deep in their turn. 
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